Visual C# 2008/2012. By John Sharp

p.151. Nullable type.
   int i = null; // wrong
   int? i = null; // right

p.152. ref, out (must assign value in method).
   Need to declare variable as ref/out at both calling site and function definition.

p.176. Class & Struct
                                                                          struct                    class
type                                                                    value                    reference
live on                                                                 stack                   heap
can declare default ctor?                                      no                       yes
after declare ctor, default ctor auto-created?        yes                      no
automatic initialize fields?                                     no                       yes
can initialize instance fields at declaration?            no                       yes

- Collection:
   - Hashtable
   - SortedList - sorted hash table (RB tree?)

p.207. Parameter Arrays. - variable param list.
    - void func(params int[] a) {...}

p.217. CH 12. Inheritance
   - new, virtual, override, hiding/overriding, protected.
   - extension methods?
   - public, protected, private, internal, protected internal 
   - internal: Internal types or members are accessible only within files in the same assembly,
   - protected v.s. protected internal:
      - protected; derived types may access the member.
      - protected internal; only derived types or types within the same assembly can access that member,
        so they need to be in the same Dynamic Link Library or an executable file.

p.239. Interface, Abstract class, Sealed class.
   - interface => virtual => override => sealed

p.274. Property, get/set

p.295. CH 16. Indexer?

p.311. delegate, event

p.333. CH 18. Generics.
    Queue myQ = new Queue();

p.371. LINQ. Language Integrated Query
   - LINQ, DLINQ, XLINQ.
     - Linq is a programming model that introduces queries as a first-class concept into any Microsoft .NET language
     - DLinq (Linq to SQL) is an extension to Linq that allows querying a database and do object-relational mapping.
     - XLinq (Linq to XML) is an extension to Linq that allows querying/creating/transforming XML documents.
   - After ASP.NET 4.0, emphasis is on Entity Framework, which replaces LINQ.

   - Linq v.s. Entity Framework. (some explanation)
     - LINQ to SQL only supports 1 to 1 mapping of database tables, views, sprocs and functions available in Microsoft SQL Server. It's a great API to use for quick data access construction to relatively well designed SQL Server databases. LINQ2SQL was first released with C# 3.0 and .Net Framework 3.5.
    - LINQ to Entities (ADO.Net Entity Framework) is an ORM (Object Relational Mapper) API which allows for a broad definition of object domain models and their relationships to many different ADO.Net data providers. As such, you can mix and match a number of different database vendors, application servers or protocols to design an aggregated mash-up of objects which are constructed from a variety of tables, sources, services, etc. ADO.Net Framework was released with the .Net Framework 3.5 SP1.

p.420. XAML. Extensible Application Markup Language.
    - WPF - XAML - define interface by XML(XAML), independent from application logic.

p.523. DLINQ. Based on ADO.NET. Data LINQ.

p.557. PART VI. Build web app.
   - ASP.NET server control
   - HTML control (runat="server")
   - theme
   - web forms validation controls.

p.623. Web service
   - REST: request by specifically formatted URL
   - SOAP: request by XML message.